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Archive for the ‘Research’ Category

Who Earned Their Money in 2009 – Part II

Tuesday, November 3rd, 2009

The other day I introduced the idea that Fan Graphs provides an interesting stat that calculates a player’s value on the free agent market for the season. According to them, the values are calculated based on a value system that takes into account factors such as hitting, fielding, position, etc. You can read all the details about the calculations here:

Read Dave Cameron’s Seven Part Series: Explaining Win Values

Part 1 – Batting
Part 2 – Fielding
Part 3 – Positional
Part 4 – Replacement
Part 5 – Converting Runs to Wins
Part 6 – Dollars
Part 7 – Additional Information

Read Dave Cameron’s Seven Part Series: Pitching Win Values Explained

Part 1 – Introduction
Part 2 – FIP
Part 3 – Replacement
Part 4 – Run Environments
Part 5 – Converting Runs to Wins
Part 6 – Park Adjustments
Part 7 – Calculations

Obviously, it doesn’t appeal to everyone to touch on all of the 14 part series that Dave took the time to compose. Most simply care about the results. That said, I decided to put the values of the positional players and pitchers for the 2009 team into a table and compare them to see which players outplayed and underplayed their 2009 contract value. Without further ado, here are the results along with my thoughts on what I found after compiling it:

  • NOTE – Milton Bradley’s contact is listed at $5 mil, which is what the contract was valued at. Looking at it that way, he outperformed his contract. It’s important to note that he received a $4 mil bonus when he signed the contract. That puts the total value amount of the contract for 2009 paid out at $9 mil, which means in reality he underperformed. It’s all about how you want to look at it. Considering the fact that it’s all but certain that he’ll be playing elsewhere next year, I feel it’s important to look at the signing bonus in full as part of 2009.
  • Question I had when compiling: “How in the world can you have negative dollar value?” I wrestled with this one a little and couldn’t wrap my hands around what I needed to do with these values that were negative. Should I just make them zero? Should I leave them as negative? Then it hit me. While it’s not possible for a player to actually have a negative contract (essentially paying the team for the right to play), it seems reasonable that a player could have that type of value. Hear me out for a second. Think about if I played 160 games for the team and Lou marched me out there each and every day. My guess is I’d finish with 1 hit, and that’s a big time maybe. I’d be playing for the league minimum salary, which we’ll call $500K for the sake of argument. I can’t see my value being anywhere near something that deserves any compensation whatsoever. In fact, if I played all year and got 600+ plate appearances and only managed a single hit it would be safe to declare me the worst player in the history of the game. I’d say that would be negative value. In fact, it would be so negative that in order to get me such an opportunity, I’d essentially have to pay the team to give me that opportunity. All that said, that seemed to indicate to me that a player with “negative” value was a player who’s production and value to the team was that of someone that the team would have been better without.
  • It pays to get production from the kids – One of the great things about baseball (in my opinion) is the fact that there is a salary structure that prevents the vast majority of players to get filthy rich without proving something on the field first. Sure there will always be top picks that get big league deals with large signing bonuses, but the bulk of players that enter the league do so at the league minimum for the first three years of their career and even then are subject to an arbitrator before getting any significant raise. Because of this, it’s imperative that you get big production from the small salary guys. Doing so allows you to fill the holes with high priced guys via trade or free agency. The Cubs didn’t do that enough in 2009. Looking at the hitters table, only Ryan Theriot, Jeff Baker and Geovany Soto outplayed their low contracts by a substantial amount. On the pitching side, Wells, Marmol and Marshall were the only ones to post $2+ mil overages. For this team to be successful going forward, it’s imperative that the Cubs get more value from the low salary guys as we will only see some of the big deals like Soriano’s get larger and larger as the back loaded contracts come alive.
  • Just Plain Wow – Everyone points the finger at Bradley for his poor production, but looking at the numbers, it appears that the hatred is overwhelmingly more deserving for Soriano. It’s absolutely astounding to see the drop in production we saw from Soriano and coupled with the crazy salary we paid for that, it’s no wonder his net value is negative almost $20 mil. Imagine what could have happened with that money.
  • Surprise Surprise – There were a few values that surprised me a little. Harden outplaying his contract and considering his injury history, perhaps the Cubs might be best served to offer arbitration for the sake of getting the compensation pick if someone signs him. The worst that could happen is we’re stuck with him for the year and I think the Cubs could make a good case to the arbiter that he’s a risk and not worth a huge raise. Sam Fuld played really well down the stretch and probably deserves a shot as the backup OF next year. Jake Fox really tailed off down the stretch and probably wasn’t worth as much hype and love I gave him. I’m still a big fan of him, but perhaps it’s best to shop him.

What are your thoughts after looking at the numbers? Let’s discuss.

Fun With Fan Graphs: Soriano is “Clutch”

Saturday, August 8th, 2009

Took a little time today to take a look at the great site, Fan Graphs. I found some interesting nuggets I felt compelled to share.

Clutch : A measurement of how much better or worse a player does in high leverage situations than he would have done in a context neutral environment.

How it’s calculated: WPA / pLIWPA/LI

Why you should care: Unlike tradition clutch statistics (close & late), Clutch is a much more comprehensive statistic taking into account all situations that may or may not have been high leverage. Additionally, instead of comparing a player to the rest of the field, it compares a player to himself. A player who hits .300 in high leverage situations when he’s an overall .300 hitter is not considered Clutch.

Links and Resources:

All About Clutch
Baseball Fever Forum: SABR Matt

A lot can be made about this stat and the topic of clutch hitting or pitcher. Regardless of what you think about if it exists or not, this is somewhat interesting. The idea that you can measure how much better guys do it high leverage or game changing situations as opposed to how they normally perform in regular situations is an interesting concept. That being said, here is what I found.

Of the 14 hitters with at least 100 plate appearances, only five are in the positives in this stat. Oddly enough, take a look at those:

Mystery Player – 1.64
Koyie Hill – 0.22
Derrek Lee – 0.05
Aramis Ramirez – 0.05
Milton Bradley – 0.03

Who is this mystery player who is head and shoulders above the rest? None other than….wait for it….Alfonso Soriano. I didn’t believe it either, but if you look at his numbers in high, medium and low leverage situations, it’s clear he’s a more productive hitter in high leverage situations:

Did You Know?

  • AAron Miles sees the highest % of fastballs (65.2%) and still can’t seem to produce. On the other end of the spectrum, Jake Fox has seen the least % of fastballs (42.4%) and has still be able to be a good hitter. Oddly enough, when Foxy has seen fastballs, the ones he sees average out of the highest average velocity (91.5 mph) of anyone with at least 100 plate appearances on the team.
  • Koyie Hill has a 33.1% strikeout %. Highest on the team.
  • Going back to the “clutch” stat, Angel Guzman comes in as the leader. Perhaps he is a closer in waiting.
  • Angel Guzman has the highest average velocity for his fastball (94.5 mph) and his slider (90.2 mph). Jeff Pasan from Yahoo mentioned that perhaps he’d be better served to take a little something off the slider to prevent hitters from sitting fastball and being able to adjust to the small difference in velocity on the slider. If he could do that, that could make him nasty.
  • The biggest difference in average velocity between a pitcher’s fastball compared to their changeup belongs to none other than Angel Guzman with an 11 mph difference. Smallest difference belongs to Sean Marshall with just a 5 mph difference.
  • In terms of effectiveness for pitches, here are the pitchers on our staff with the best and worst of each pitch:

Play Index Trivia – Fill in the Leader

Monday, April 6th, 2009

I thought it might be fun to run a little trivia as we wait for the first pitch. Let’s take a look at the top 5 Cubs in the decade of the 2000’s in various categories. Fill in the missing name. You get 1 point for each one you get right. To reveal the answer, highlight the blank. Good Luck.

Hits

  1. Aramis Ramirez – 864
    Minority Report film
  2. Sammy Sosa – 807
  3. Derrek Lee – 778
  4. Corey Patterson – 549
  5. Moises Alou – 467

Base on Balls

  1. Sammy Sosa – 428
  2. Derrek Lee – 320
  3. Aramis Ramirez – 268
  4. Moises Alou – 178
  5. Ryan Theriot – 140

Strikeout Leaders

  1. Sammy Sosa – 741
  2. Corey Patterson – 552
  3. Derrek Lee – 511
  4. Aramis Ramirez – 376
  5. Alex Gonzalez – 285

Wins

  1. Carlos Zambrano – 96
  2. Kerry Wood – 64
  3. Mark Prior – 42
  4. Jon Lieber – 40
  5. Greg Maddux – 38

Saves

  1. Ryan Dempster – 87
  2. Joe Borowski – 44
  3. Kerry Wood – 34
  4. LaTroy Hawkins – 29
  5. Rick Aguilera – 29

Pickoffs

  1. Kerry Wood – 16
  2. Carlos Zambrano – 10
  3. Ted Lilly – 7
  4. Rich Hill – 6
  5. Daniel Garibay – 6

Please post how many you got right out of six and which ones you knew.

Trivia is sponsored by Baseball Reference. Take a minute today and go check out Play Index and subscribe for only $29 per year.

Play Index Stat of the Day: 250+ K's and Less than 10 Wins

Wednesday, March 11th, 2009

As always, highlight next to the A: to reveal the answer

Q: Surveillance divx Who is the only pitcher in ML history to amass a season with 250+ K’s yet fail to reach double digit wins?

A:

Stir Crazy trailer

Nolan Ryan (1987) (270 K’s & 8-16 record)

Fatal Blade psp

Play Index Trivia is sponsored by Baseball Reference. Take a minute today and go check out Play Index and Restraint subscribe for only $29 per year.

Play Index Trivia: At Least 10 Losses Each Year

Tuesday, March 10th, 2009

Yesterday we ran the trivia question that asked which four pitchers have at least 10 wins in all of the years this decade. Surprisingly, Greg Maddux was not among them. Today we ask the opposite. To reveal the answer, use your mouse to highlight next to the A:.

Mother of Tears: The Third Mother move How to Make an American Quilt movie download Q: The Doom Generation dvdrip Who is the only pitcher with at least 10 losses in each of the 9 seasons so far this decade (2000-2008)?

A: Livan Hernandez

Play Index Trivia is sponsored by Baseball Reference. Take a minute today and go check out Play Index and subscribe for only $29 per year.

Play Index Trivia

Monday, March 9th, 2009

How to Make an American Quilt divx The following trivia question is brought to you using the Baseball Reference Play Index Tool. Go Check it out!!!

The Warriors move

Q:

Forgetting Sarah Marshall video

Four pitchers have at least 10 wins each of the seasons since the turn of the millennium (2000-2008). Can you name ANY of them?

A: To reveal the answer, highlight below this line.

Evan Almighty full

Javier Vazquez, Mike Mussina, Tim Hudson, Livan Hernandez

Couples Retreat psp

Play Index Stat of the Week: Worst Season Ever

Friday, February 20th, 2009

I have decided to run a regular feature this season each week in which we take a look at various stats using the wonderful tool provided (at minimal cost) by Baseball Reference. If you haven’t seen it yet, go check out Play Index and see all of the great tools it provides.

Today we take a look at the worst season offensively in Cub history by a player who played enough to qualify for the batting title. I’ve highlighted the top 25 results and pointed out two of the more recent examples for you to ponder. I ran the search using the criteria of OPS+ as the deciding factor. If you’re unfamiliar with that stat, it measures that an average player has an OPS+ of 100.

To view the entire list, head over to the results I searched for on Play Index

A Good Man Is Hard to Find film

Say it ain't So Bill…Say it ain't So

Monday, August 25th, 2008

This goes against everything I’ve been saying for the past. I’m sure it will thrill Matt to no end:

Are long at-bats more productive than short ones?

It seems obvious. Work the count. Make the pitcher labor. Foul off those two-strike pitches. As you go deeper in the count, it’s going to work in the batter’s favor.

Or does it?

The numbers beg to differ. Here are the major league averages for long and short at-bats (Short defined as three pitches or less, long as four pitches or more):
Avg On-Base Slugging OPS
Short At-Bats .301 .317 .467 .784
Long At-Bats .223 .352 .348 .700

Surprisingly, the OPS for short at-bats is significantly higher than long at-bats. What’s clear is that there is an advantage to hitters when they put one of the first three pitches in play. They hit almost 80 points higher and slug over 100 points higher.

There are two things that work in favor of hitters who work the count for longer at-bats. OPS is a great stat but not perfect. One of it’s imperfections is that it undervalues on-base percentage. Hence, the 84 point difference suggested is really less. The second element is hard to measure. There is certainly value to making pitchers work harder (i.e. throw more pitches) over the course of the game that is not measured here.

What about the really short and long at-bats (one-pitch ABs and ABs with seven or more pitches)?
Avg On-Base Slugging OPS
One and done .344 .349 .543 .892
Seven-up (7+) .230 .406 .372 .778

In both cases, hitters get better. Hitters, in general, are more selective on that first pitch and look for something in their wheelhouse as the pitcher tries to get ahead in the count. Nevertheless, it also pays off to really work deep into the count.

This is a new profile that we just added to Bill James Online. For more in-depth information (including short and long at-bat performance for every player going back to 2002), check out www.billjamesonline.com . It’s a subscription service, $3/month.

Turistas movies The Incredible Hulk ipod “Used with permission from John Dewan’s Stat of the Week™, www.statoftheweek.com.”

Two Outs With The Bases Loaded…

Thursday, March 27th, 2008

Over the past month or so, Brandon and I have been previewing each team with bloggers on the podcast and closing by asking them if they were in that situation with the game tied in the bottom of the 9th if they would pinch hit for their star to bring in a midget. Most say no, but a few said they would, based on how midgets have performed in the past (1 plate appearance and 1 walk)

I decided to use Baseball Reference’s tool Play Index to take a look at how our stars have faired with two outs and the bases loaded, regardless of inning, in their career. Here were my findings:

(Plate Appearances / HR / RBI / AVG / OBP / SLG)

Soriano: 45 / 3 / 28 / .262 / .311 / .500

Ramirez: 52 / 2 / 34 / .255 / .327 / .511

Lee: 51 / 2 / 24 / .152 / .235 / .326

Jones: 55 / 1 / 34 / .291 / .291 / .400

Ouch, if there is such a thing as being clutch, it doesn’t seem like we’ve got guys that fit the mold in that situation. Let’s compare them to someone widely considered to be clutch, David Ortiz. Here are his career numbers in that same situation:

Ortiz: 66 / 4 / 57 / .317 / .379 / .650

What does this mean for this season? I have no earthly idea. Draw from it any whatever conclusions you will. I just found it interesting and thought I’d share.

Pitch Use & Velocity From the Big Three

Thursday, March 13th, 2008

If you didn’t already know it, Fan Graphs has taken some cool data on pitch usage as well as velocity over the past three seasons. I decided to take a look at some of the members of our staff to see if we notice anything. What will we pull from the data? Who knows, maybe nothing. Let’s take a look.

Carlos Zambrano
A lot have said that big Z has lost some velocity on his fastball, yet he maintains that he hasn’t. Let’s let the data do the talking here. The following are the average velocities of his fastball over the past three seasons.

2005 – 92.8 mph
2006 – 92.2 mph
2007 – 91.6 mph

On the whole it doesn’t look drastic, but there is no doubt that the fastball has, in fact, declined in velocity. Whether or not that indicates any type of dead arm or concealed injury is up to you to speculate. One thing I know is that it bears watching this year to see if the decline continues. If he averages in the range slightly below 91 this year, I’m going to be a little concerned.

As for pitch usage, I noticed something interesting about his pitch selection. In 2005, his usage of the slider was roughly 16% of the time and he used his cutter just 1%. Fast forward to last year and you see roughly the same fastball usage, but the slider use has declined to 13% with the cutter use increasing to 9%. That’s a significant change and I wonder if it’s the result of his feeling less confident in the slider or more confident in the cutter.

Ted Lilly
Lilly appears to provide absolutely nothing to discuss other than his consistency in approach. His pitch usage breaks down to 56% fastball, 15% slider, 17% curveball, and 12% changeup. His fastball averaged a velocity of 88.4 mph.

The only other thing worth noting about Lilly’s pitch usage is his increase in curveball usage from 2005 – 2007 as he’s gone from 13.6% to 16.9%.

Rich Hill
I was very excited to look up Hill’s numbers because I wanted to see if he had changed anything over the past two years as he begins the process of being a legit Major League starting pitcher. What I found was exactly that. Hill did make a change last year.

2006 Pitch Usage – Fastball (70%), Curveball (23.4%), Changeup (5.0%)
2007 Pitch Usage – Fastball (60.6%), Curveball (27.3%), Changeup (8.3%)

He threw some sliders in there as well, but not really worth mentioning. What I see is a pitcher who is beginning to trust his off speed and breaking stuff a little more and rely less on his fastball. It’s no secret that his curve is one of the best in the Majors and it’s good to see him begin to trust it more.

All stats and information provided by Fan Graphs. Go check them out. In addition, have you gotten your entry done for the 2008 Home Run Derby Contest? The prize this year is a copy of MLB 08: the show for PS3. Click Here to enter

Expected Wins By Starting Rotation Spot

Tuesday, February 12th, 2008

A few weeks ago, a reader asked for a breakdown of exactly what kind of wins we could expect out of each slot in the rotation. To answer this question, I took the top starters from each team in terms of number of starts and then added the highest win total as the number one starter and so on down the line through the fifth spot in the rotation. What I found confirmed, yet again, that the Cubs are well above average in the starting pitching department. Here is a breakdown of the wins by rotation spot for every team in 2007 along with the average by team and rotation spot.

Can we finally put away the debate about whether or not the Cubs needed to go out and get Bedard? I’m perfectly content with what we have in house going into this season.

Don’t forget that if you’re interested in competing in the 2008 VFTB vs. Rays of Light fantasy baseball challenge on MLB Fantasy Open, shoot me an e-mail:

We’ve got 3 spots left for our team. If you have no idea what I’m talking about, here was the post about it.

Who Needs Brian Roberts Anyway? We’ve Already Got Him!

Tuesday, January 15th, 2008

Let me preface this by saying that I would not be opposed to Brian Roberts coming aboard, but to think that without him, the Cubs can’t compete for the World Series is absurd. We don’t need Roberts. After all, we’ve already got him…sort of. I know you’re thinking that I’m off my rocker, but I believe our answer to Brian Roberts is not only in our system already, but also Major League ready. Who is this mystery player you ask? None other than Eric Patterson. Stop laughing and listen for a second.

Let’s break down the main tools Roberts brings to the table and compare them with what Patterson brings.

1. Speed
There is no question that Roberts has tremendous speed and, as a veteran, has earned the green light on the base paths. Last year, he stole 50 bases with a success rate of 88%. That is above the 75% rate recommended by sabermetricians for there to be any sort of benefit to the team as a whole. Those 50 SB’s were a career high for Roberts, so it’s not necessarily the norm. Looking at his career 162 game average of 37, a 40 SB year is about what you can expect. A quick look at Eric Patterson in the minor leagues over the past three years and you’ll find that he’s also put up good SB numbers. 24, 46, & 43 are his last three years totals. That’s an average of 38 a season, just a shade below Roberts totals. Remember, Roberts has more experience as well, so his learning has taken place.

2. Leadoff Hitting Ability
There is no arguing the fact that moving Alfonso Soriano out of the leadoff spot, which Roberts would do, would be great for the team. Roberts has a great ability to make pitchers work hard to get him out and has the ability to take a walk. In 2007, he posted an on base percentage of .376 in the leadoff spot and managed a very impressive 4.2 pitches seen per plate appearance. Those are the kind of numbers that have me salivating. However, let’s look at Patterson. Hitting primarily out of the leadoff spot for Iowa (AAA), Patterson posted an on base percentage of .362 and has a career Minor League on base percentage of .366.

3. Lefthanded Bat
Brian Roberts is a switch hitter and would provide another lefty bat for the lineup dominated by right handers. Eric Patterson is a lefty and would also provide the balance.

4. Versatility
Roberts can play both middle infield spots. Patterson plays second base as well as the OF, which he worked on last season.

5. PECOTA Projections
Nate Silver of Baseball Prospectus has produced a stat projection system called PECOTA. Like any projection system, it has it’s flaws. After all, can we really predict the future? Of course not, but can we use prior performance to make fairly good educated guesses using lines of regression and other math? Of course. PECOTA does just that. It provides best case and worst case scenarios for a player, and I tend to gravitate toward the mean of those. Looking at Silver’s PECOTA projection for Patterson last year, since it’s the only one up right now, we see that Eric Patterson was ML ready last year and was projected for a fairly successful season. Let’s use those projections and call them his 2008 projections for the sake of argument. Here is how he compares with Brian Roberts actual 2007 numbers.

Name Avg OBP % Slug % HR 2b SB
Roberts (Actual) .290 .377 .432 12 42 50
Patterson (Projected) .286 .356 .476 14 31 32

Patterson projects for a little more pop in the bat, but less plate discipline. Both appear to be very similar to each other.

Conclusion
Bringing in Roberts is a great idea IF the Cubs do not have to mortgage the farm to get him. To get him by giving up both Sean Marshall and Sean Gallagher as well as perhaps Ronny Cedeno is too much. I’d rather take my chances with Patterson and save the prospects.

A Graphical Look at Baseball History

Friday, December 28th, 2007

I’m not sure where I found the site, A Graphical History of Baseball, but after browsing it a bit yesterday, I found it amusing. It’s interesting to see the numbers broken down into a graph. It helps to identify trends fairly easily. Here were some that I found noteworthy, from a National League point of view.

Despite all the cry of OBP being the key to winning, we really haven’t seen that major surge upward since Michael Lewis wrote Moneyball. Perhaps teams have figured out that while OBP is important, it was simply something undervalued and available cheap for Billy Beane, which was the whole premise of the book. 1913 or so looks like a tough year for hitters, reaching just a tad over .290. It’s interesting to note major spikes in the data as well. Take a look at the spike in 1920. Here is the reason:

The Joint Rules Committee voted to ban the use of all foreign substances (saliva, resin, talcum powder, paraffin) as well as any other alterations (shine or emery) to balls by pitchers. As a result, the American League opted to allow two pitchers from each club the option to use a spitball for one more season. The Nationals set no limitations as long as all “practicing” pitchers were identified and any other pitcher who was caught cheating would be suspended for a minimum of ten days.

Baseball Almanac

Are stolen bases really dying? If you look at the trend in the NL, which is widely considered the stolen base league, you notice that they declined consistently in the 20’s till the 70’s. If we take that trend, we should see the rise of the stolen base right around 2060. I look forward to that.

I wish the teams would stop building small parks. These small ballparks with little to no foul territory is killing off one of the most exciting plays in all of baseball, the triple. Really, is there anything more entertaining than watching that hitter round second and dig for third only to slide under the tag and look up to the umpire, his helmet flopping over his eyes, to see him wave “safe”. Bring back the triple.

Fielding in the beginning years of baseball…bad. Fielding in the modern era…good.

Which Teams Had the Best Hitters In 2007?

Thursday, December 20th, 2007

One of the coolest things to do in the off-season, especially now that the winter meetings are done and baseball heads into a bit of a lull is to look back at the season that was and see what we can mine from it. I did that a few days ago with the cost of production from the 2007 Cubs as well as the look at how well our pitching staff performed. It’s that time again, with a look at how the Cubs lineup stacked up by position against the rest of baseball.

For this study, I used the stat OPS+, which is an adjusted look at On Base % + Slugging. What this does is take the park a player plays in out of the equation. It attempts to balance the playing field a little. An OPS+ of 150 or more is excellent, while an OPS+ of 50 or less is poor. I broke down the main contributor by position for each team in baseball last year below. Leaders by position are highlighted in yellow.

After looking at the data, I notice a few things that can either encourage us or worry us.

  • We were below average at the catcher position, though we already probably knew that. What was surprising, at least to some, was that we were also below average at the SS, CF & RF position. RF figures to improve significantly with the Fukudome signing, but as of right now, I see a regression even further at CF with Pie in that spot and hole at shortstop with Theriot in that spot. I know people like to think Theriot is a great player, but look at the numbers. He had an On Base % of just .326. Very few teams had a SS with less production last year than the Cubs with Theriot.
  • Tampa Bay, Anaheim, Minnesota & Oakland all had DH’s with OPS+ below 100. All the guy has to do is hit. Can’t they find someone a little better?
  • The New York Yankees had a beast of a lineup, but we already knew that.
  • Where did Carlos Pena come from for Tampa Bay? This was a guy that the Rays practically pulled off the scrap heap. He comes in and posts the highest production in all of baseball for first base.
  • The C, SS & CF position appear to be the lowest offensive positions in baseball. That being said, it makes me feel a little better to know that those are our weak spots in the lineup.